Market research data on Essential oils and absolutes used in fragrance and flavor industry
By Prashantkumar Kudli Shrinivas and Archana Prashantkumar Kudli
Essential oils and absolutes are important components of the fragrances and flavors industry. There are about 300 commonly used essential oils and absolutes in making fragrances and flavors.
Fragrances and Flavors find wide applications in various consumer, industrial and personal range of products as mentioned below;
Fragrances find applications in the following consumer and industrial products
1] Wash products (Soaps, Hand washes, Shower Gels)
2] Detergents (Bars, Powders, Liquid, Pastes), other fabric care
products (Fresheners, Softeners, Brighteners)
3] Skin Care (Creams, Lotions, Gels, Corrective products)
4] Talc?s (Face powders, Body powders)
5] Hair Care (Shampoos, Conditioners, Hair Oil, Gel, Other hair styling products,)
6] Fine Fragrances and alcoholics (Deodorants, Sprays)
7] Household Cleaners (Dishwashers, Floor, Glass, Multi-purpose & Toilet cleaners)
8] Air Care (Air fresheners, Insecticides, Agarbathis, Dhoops)
9] Industrial Applications (Leather, Paints, Gas)
10] Tobacco products (Pan Masala)
11] Fabrics-Perfumed fabrics
12] Candles
13] Depilatories
14] Aromatherapy oils, Pain balms
15] Potpourri
16] Antiperspiratory products [Paper towels, Napkins]
17] Air monitoring systems [Cinema halls, Tunnels]
Flavors find applications in the following consumer and industrial products
1] Bakery, Confectionery, Dairy and Frozen foods
2] Savory (Chips, Namkeen, Instant savory foods, Other snacking products)
3] Beverages (Liquor, Malted Food Beverages, Fruit Based)
4] Tobacco (Smoking & Chewing)
5] Toothpaste and other dental preparations
6] Pharmaceutical (Syrups,Tablets,Logenzes)
7] Meat, Poultry and Sea food flavors
8] Latex products
9] Toys, Scented writing instruments [Ink pen, Eraser, Paper]
10] Flavored sanitary products
Flavor industry consumes about 60% of the global production of essential oils and absolutes [ EOA] while rest is consumed in fragrance industry.
EOA is growing at 7-8 % per annum during last three years.
Top 110 essential oils and absolutes [listed below] contribute to about 95% [in terms of volume and value] of the global consumption of EOA in F&F industry.
Based on the volumes produced world wide, the essential oils and absolutes can be broadly classified under the following categories; a] above 100 tons, b] between 50-100 tons,and c] between 1-50 tons.
It is estimated that more than 120000 Tons of 300 different essential oils and absolutes are produced,which resulted in more than Indian Rs.16000 crores or 4 billon US dollars business.
But this business is highly dispersed and not concentrated to specific geographical location in terms of production as well as consumption.
Based on various fragrance and flavor formulations, and articles published on EOA trading, we are able to provide a tentative data of global consumption of essential oils used in making fragrances and flavors.
The market data for Attars& Agarbatti is still not clear. The market data for the fragrance and flavour consumption for the regions like Middle East, Africa,some Asian region is also not clear.Hence,the data provided below gives some idea of global consumption of EOA used in making fragrances and flavors.
We have not considered Turpentine/Pine oils as these are used mainly in the manufacture of terpenes like Alpha-pinene,Beta-pinene,Carene,etc which inturn are used in the manufacture of aroma chemicals and terpene resins.Turpentine oils are obtained from Pinaceae species and these Pine oils are mainly produced in USA,Canada,Russia,China, Scandinavia and some parts of Europe. The world wide production of Pine oils is estimated to be 300000 tons.
Other oils from species like Abies alba[European silver fir oil], Abies sibirica[[Siberian fir needle oil], Abies balsamea[ Canadian fir needle oil] are also considered as Pine oils as they are rich in Alpha and Beta-Pinene.
We have considered only those oils which are directly used in fragrance and flavour formulations.
The following list does not include edible oils and non edible oils [ which contain triglycerides, fatty acids] some of which like Calendula oil,Jojoba oil,Mustard oil,Rue oil,Primrose oil are also used in aromatherapy, perfumery and flavor industries.
The list doesn?t include animal secretions like Ambergris,Civet,Castoreum and Musk.
The list doesn?t include resinoids viz.balsams,oleo gum resins, natural oleo resins and resinous products. Few popular ones are Pepper,Ginger,Vanilla,Benzoin,Copaiba balsam,Elemi resinoid,Galbanum resinod,Myrrh resinod, Olibanum resinoid, Opopanax resinod, Tolu balsam resinoid,etc. But the absolutes and essential oils made from these resinoids are considered in the list.
Vanillin extract is not considered in the list as the solvent extract of Vanilla beans is considered as oleoresin.The estimated world production of Vanilla extract is estimated tobe 2000 tons.
The following list gives the general or trade name, tentative idea of the global consumption,botanical names and the major production areas.
Top 110 essential oils and absolutes produced world wide [in tons] is listed as below;
Essential oils and absolutes produced above100 tons per annum for global consumption are as follows;
1] Orange oil- 30000- Citrus sinensis,aurantium-[Brazil,USA,Spain,Israel, Mediterranean countries]
2] Cornmint oil-Mentha arvensis-16000 tons- [India,China,Brazil]
3] Spearmint oil-1500- Mentha spicata, Mentha gracilis-[USA]
4] Peppermint oil-4000-Mentha piperita-[ USA,India,China]
5] Texas Cedarwood oil-2900- Juniperus virginiana-[ China,USA,Mexico,Central America]
6] China cedarwood oil-800- Chamaecyparis funebris
7] Citronella oil- 3000- Cymbopogon winterianus and C. nardus-[Srilanka,China,India,Java,Taiwan,South &Cental America]
8] Lemon oil-5000- Citrus limon ?[ USA,Italy,Argentina,Spain,Brazil]
9] Eucalyptus globulus,citriodora,fruticetorum,dives-5000 tons-[ China,Spain,Portugal,Brazil,Australia,South Africa]
10] Coriander oil-700- Coriandrum sativum-[Russia,Ukraine,Egypt]
11] Litsea cubeba and Lemon grass oils-Litsea cubeba,Cymbopogon citratus,flexuosus-2200-[China,India,West indies,Central America,Africa]
12] Clove oil ? 2200- Syzigium aromaticum-[Indonesia,Madagascar,Tanzania,Malayasia,Srilanka]
13] Sassafras oil Brazil-1500- Ocotea pretiosa-[Brazil]
14] Sasafras oil China-800- Cinnamomum micranthum
15] Patchouli- 900- Pogostemon cablin-[Indonesia,India]
16] Cedarleaf oil- Thuja oil-140-Thuja occidentalis-[USA,Canada]
17] Lime- 1600- Citrus aurantifolia,latifolia-[West India,Mexico,Iran,Brazil,USA]
18] Camphor oil-800- Cinnamomum camphora-[China,Taiwan,Japan]
19] Rosemary- 300- Rosmarinus officinalis-Verbenone type-[Spain,Tunisia,Morocco]
20] Star anise oil-400- Illicium verum ?[ China,Vietnam]
21] Anise seed oil-110- Pimpinella anisum-[Eastern Europe]
22] Mandarin and Tangerine oils-300 ?Citrus reticulate-[Italy,Brazil,Spain,Argentina,USA]
23] Vetiver-260 - Vetiveria zizanoides-[ Indonesia,Haiti,Reunion,India,China]
24] Lavender- 420- Lavandula angustifolia-[France,Bulgaria,Tasmania,China,Moldava]
25] Lavandin oil-1200 - Lavandula intermedia-[France]
26] Spike lavender oil-100 -- Lavandula latifolia-[ Spain]
27] Petitgrain oil [ Leaves of Ctrus trees]-250- Citrus aurantium-[ France,Italy,Spain,North Africa]
28] Geranium oil-600-Pelargonium graveolens,capitatum,roseum-[China,Reunion,Madagascar,Egypt,India]
29] Chinese cinnamon-Cassia oil-180-Cinnamomum aromaticum-[China]
30] Nutmeg oil-180- Myristica fragrans- [ Indonesia,India, West India]
31] Grapefruit oil-250- Citrus paradisi-[ USA,Argentina,Isreal]
32] Dill seed, weed oil -140- Anethum graveolens, Anethum sowa-[India]
33] Fennel oil- 120- Foeniculum vulgare-[China,Egypt,Greece]
34] Bergamotoil-120- Citrus bergamia-[Italy,Brazil,Spain,Ivory coast]
35] Tea tree oil- 250 tons-Melaleuca alternifolia-[Australia,Africa]
36]Ginger oil-Zingiber officinale-120 tons-[India,Malaysia,Taiwan,Australia,Fiji]
Essential oils and absolutes produced in the range 50-100 tons per annum for global consumption are as follows;
37] Clary sage and Sage oil- Salvia sclarea, officinalis, lavandulifolia.-[Russia,USA, Spain,France]-50 Tons
38] Pimento oil-Pimento dioica-[ Jamaica]-50 Tons
39] Thyme oil- Thymus zygis and T. vulgaris -[Spain,France,Morocco,Algeria]-50 Tons
40] Marjoram oil- Origanum majorana,Thymus mastichina.-[Spain,Europe]-50 Tons
41] Basil oil- Ocimum basilicum.-[Reunion,Comores,Madagascar,France,Egypt,India]-50 Tons
42] Juniper berry oil-Juniperus communis-[Croatia,Nepal,Europe,USA]-50 Tons
43] Celery oil- Apium graveolens.-[ France, India, Holland, Hungary, China,U.S.A]-50 Tons
44] Palm rosa oil- Cymbopogon martini-[India,Seychelles,Pakistan,Comoro islands]-60 Tons
45] Rosewood oil- Aniba rosaeodora, other species of Aniba-[ Brazil]-100 Tons
46] Sandalwood oil- santalum album, spicatum [India, Australia,Indonesia]-100 Tons
47] Srilanka cinnamon oil- Cinnamomum zeylanicum-[Srilanka,India,Seychelles,Madagaskar,Comoro islands]
48] Cardamom oil- Elettaria cardamomum-[India,Gautemala]
49] Guaiac wood oil- Bulnesia sarmienti-[Paraguay,Argentina]-60 Tons
50] Gurjun balsam oil- Dipterocarpus species-[ South and East Asia]
51] Labdanum oil and absolute ? Cistus ladanifer-[Spain, Mediterranean countries]-50 Tons
52] Laurel leaf oil-Lauras nobilis-[ Mediterranean countries]
53] Ylang Ylang oil and Canaga oil- Canaga odorata-[Java,Comoro islands,Madagaskar]-100 Tons
54] Chamomile oil ?Roman and Blue- Anthemis nobilis and Chamomilla recutita -[Eastern Europe,Egypt,Italy,France,Morocco]-50 Tons
Essential oils and absolutes produced in the range 1-50 tons per annum for global consumption are as follows;
55] Aromoise oil- Artemisia herba-alba ?[Morocco, Germany, Hungary, India, China,Japan,France]-15 Tons
56] Tagetes oil- Tagetes minuta -[ Zimbabwe,South Africa,India]
57] Tarragon oil- Artemisia dracunculus -[ France,Italy]-10 Tons
58] Galbanum oil- Ferula gummosa-[Iran]- 10 Tons
59] Worm wood oil- Artemisia absinthum-[ Italy]-15 Tons
60] Davana oil- Artemisia pallens Wall.-[India]-3 Tons
61] Caraway oil- Carum carvi -[ Asia, Europe, North Africa,USA]-10 Tons
62] Cumin oil- Cuminum cyminum -[India,Egypt,Iran]-10 Tons
63] Ajwon oil- Trachyspermum copticum -[India]
64] Bay oil- Pimenta racemosa-[West Indies,Dominica,South America]-20 Tons
65] Valerian oil- Valeriana officinalis-[ China,India,Valerian]
66] Tonka bean absolute- Dipteryx odorata- [ Venezuela, South America]
67] Cade oil-Juniperus oxycedrus -[ Portugal,Yogoslavia]- 15 Tons
68] Copaiba balsam oil-Copaifera -[Amazon basin]
69] Cypress oil-Cupressus sempervirens-[France,Algeria]
70] Violet leaf absolute- Viola odorata-[France]
71] Black currant absolute-Ribes nigrum-[Tasmania]
72] Garlic oil and Onion oil- Allium sativum,Allium cepa- [ China,Mexico,Egypt]
73] Mimosa absolute-Acasia dealbata,mearnsii-[France,Morocco]
74] Orris root oil-Iris pallida,germanica-[Italy,Morocco]-5 Tons
75] Hyssop oil- Hyssopus officinalis ?[ Bulgaria,Europe]
76] Perilla oil- Perilla frutescens ?[Japan]
77] Savory oil- Satureja montana and hortensis?[Hungary, France, Yugoslavia,Germany]
78] Catnip oil- Nepeta cataria ?[USA]
79] Mellisa oil- Lemon balm oil- Melissa officinalis ?[Bulgaria]
80] Pennoroyal oil- Hedeoma pulegioides ?[ Europe]-15 Tons
81] Muhuhu oil- Brachylaena hutchinsii-[ Kenya, Uganda]- 5 Tons
82] Yarrow oil- Achillea millefolium ?[Germany, Hungary, France and Yugoslavia]
83] Calamus oil-Acorus calamus-[Europe,Indian]-10 Tons
84] Cajeput oil- Melaleuca Leucadendron-[ Australia, Vietnam]- 50 Tons
85] Neroli oil- Citrus bigaradia-[ Tunisia]-3 Tons
86] Rose oil-Rosa damscena,centifolia-[ Bulgaria,Turkey,Morocco,France]-20 Tons
87] Cassie absolute- Acacia farnesiana ? [ Lebanon, Morocco, Egypt and France]
88] Carrot seed oil- Daucus carota -[ France,Hungary,Nederlands]
89] Parsley seed and herb oils- Petroselinum crispum-[ USA,Germany,France,Holland,Hunagary,Egypt]
90] Angelica root and seed oils- Angelica archangelica-[Europe]-1 Ton
91] Lovage root,seed, herb oils- Levisticum officinale -[ Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary,Yugoslavia]
92] Celery herb oil- Apium graveolens- [India,China,Netherlands,USA,Hungary]
93] Agarwood oil- Aqillaria agallocha,other species - [ India,Vietnam,Japan,Cambodia,Thailand]
94] Boronia oil- Boronia megastigma-[Australia]
95] Jatamanshi oil- Nardostachys Jatamanshi-[India]
96] Buchu oil- Barosma Betulina-[South Africa]
97] Jasmine absolute- Jasminum grandiflorum,sambac-[China,India,Egypt,Morocco]-15 Tons
98] Tube rose absolute- POLYANTHES TUBEROSA-[ India,Egypt,France]
99] Champaka oil- Michelia champaka-[India]-1 Ton
100] Amyris oil- Amyris balsamifera-[Caribbean countries,Mexico]
101] Cypress oil-Cupressus sempervirens-[France,Algeria]
102] Carnation oil- Dianthus caryophyllus-[ France, Italy, Egypt, Kenya]
103] Cubeb oil- Piper Cubeba-[ Srilanka, Sunda islands]
104] Elemi oil - Canarium luzonicum-[Philippines]
105] Nagarmotha oil- Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus Scariosus-[ India,Nepal]
106] Costus root oil- Saussurea lappa-[India,Syria,Persia ]
107] Cistus oil- Cistus ladanifer-[ Greek islands]
108] Cedrela wood oil- Cedrela odorata-[Central and South America]
109] Cabreuva oil- (such as M. fastigiatus)-[ Brazil, Paraguay, Chile,Argentina]-10 Tons
110] Ambrette seed oil- Abelmoschus moschatus-[ India]-1 Ton
The demand for some of essential oils and plant extracts like Sandalwood oil,Guaiacwood oil, Vanilla extract, Davana oil, Chamomile oil,Jasmine oil,Champaka oil, Rose oil,Tuberose oil,etc is much higher, but due their restricted availability, higher costs, legal restrictions, their usage in formulations is limited.
Major essential oil producing countries areas listed below;
Nearly 90% of the global consumption of essential oils and absolutes are produced in following countries.
USA-24%
China-20%
Brazil-8%
Turkey-5%
Indonesia-5%
Morocco-5%
Hungary-5%
Bulgaria-4%
India-4%
France-4%
Italy-3%
Spain-2%
Egypt-2%
Prashantkumar Kudli Shrinivas has a vast industrial experience of Aroma chemicals,Essential oils,Perfumery and Flavour formulations.
Archana Prashantkumar Kudli is a graduate in Statistics and Computer science.She is into market research on Aroma, Pharma and allied chemical sciences.
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