The Start Up Costs of Opening a Restaurant

When you are running a restaurant there are many things that you have to keep a track of in terms of costing. The costs of running a restaurant are what surprises most people, and staying on top of the first year's worth of bills is what will keep you in business for the next few years. Most restaurants will end up trading insolvent within the first year because some of the costs of running a business get out of control. Here are some of the costs you will face as a start up restaurant. One of the key things most successful restaurant owners say is "Start-up costs are always far beyond what you imagined."

If you are looking for success the best thing to do is come up with a unique enough concept, with food that tastes great at a reasonable price.

Rent

The second you put your name down to open a restaurant is the second you start paying rent. This will include all the down time your business has while you are renovating the fit out, when you are sleeping, when your staff don't turn up on time. The best ways to avoid down time is a) get into your premises as fast as possible and b) try to run the restaurant 7 days a week for as many hours as you can. Rent is also one of the largest portions of a business' fixed costs, so you should be looking to minimise this as much as possible. See if you can negotiate better rent in return for renovating the place.

Food Supplies

When you start a restaurant, you have to buy all of your food supplies up front without selling anything. The key here is to not order all of the most expensive freshest ingredients first. You or your chef may want to start serving Asparagus Tips, but they are one of the most expensive vegetables, and they can spoil easily. Look for suppliers who are local who you can buy from regularly with small orders at first. If you can order frequently, the food will stay fresh, and you can order what you need for that short period of time. Once you get a feel for the food that will keep and is regularly a best seller, then you can start looking at discounts for bigger orders.

Fit out.

Everyone wants to have the best looking restaurant with the most expensive equipment. In most cases, however, a $50 pan will do the same job as a $500 pan, and when your chef chucks a tantrum and hurls the pan across the room at the sous-chef, you won't lost as much money. Try to keep the equipment purchases down, and aim for things that don't need a lot of maintenance. For chairs and other fixtures, the nicest equipment will always cost the most, so aim for something affordable. Make the place feel comfortable, but not the ritz. In the end people will remember your food, not if the bar stools were made from suede.

Licensing

There are a lot of regulatory hoops to jump through when you are running a restaurant, and most are unavoidable. Each local jurisdiction will have their own rules as to what you need. In the least you will need your health and safety certification.

Staff

Your second biggest marginal cost after supplies is going to be salaries. Each area has their own rules about paying staff. However your biggest task is going to be to make sure you have enough staff on to cover tables, but not so many that they are standing around. Also you should be looking to have as many junior staff as one or two manager can handle, but having an experience chef and front of house manager standing around during quiet times is crazy. You may have to get in and become a key member of the team yourself.

Marketing

The thing that you should look at allocating at least some budget for is marketing/advertising. In the least you should spend your time looking in the local papers to find journalists that would be interested in coming in for the grand opening. Take the time to work out if you want to place an ad in the local paper, or invite some local groups like the Rotary Club to an exclusive night in. You could spend the first week prior to opening just hosting small dinner parties, this would give you the chance to get your staff up to speed.

Creative Development is a cafe marketing agency based in Sydney. We develop a wide range of business growth strategies in multiple industries. We won't just build you a website, we will create a way for your business to grow. We created this article for our restaurant supplies partner.

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Why Should You Be Aware Of Long Firm Fraud?

If your biggest customer went bust owing you a substantial amount of money, would your business be able to survive? It will depend on how much you have come to depend on that one customer. A long firm fraudster will try to become your best customer as quickly as possible, seemingly ordering large amounts and may even not be too fussy about the price you are charging. It pays to be on the look-out for this type of customer.

Long firm frauds depend on the ability to buy goods on credit. A fraudster will set up a company that looks legitimate. It will be well documented on Companies House, be registered for VAT and may even be able to provide seemingly bone fide business references. It will buy goods from you, paying up front at first. Eventually you will give it credit, extending the credit limit as it appears to be becoming an increasingly valuable customer. At some point it will extend its credit even further, perhaps missing a large payment while making a big order. Many businesses are blinded by what seems to be a rapidly developing and profitable trading relationship. So they ignore the risk and accept the order.

It is at this point that the long firm fraudster stops trading his company, owing you as much money as he possibly could and also to many other different businesses. The fraudster declares insolvency and in many cases finds a friendly insolvency practitioner to close the company down so that he can walk away safely. The risk of being investigated and brought to book by the authorities is low given the scarce public sector funding resources available these days.

Such a fraudulently established business will need to buy the sort of goods it can dispose of readily; after all it is not a real business and will not be seeking to make a profit in the usual way. It makes its profit by buying good quality merchandise from its victim companies and disposing of them very cheaply, often in "Pound Shops" or market stalls.

Long firm frauds take fraudulent trading to the extreme, specifically establishing a business for the sole purpose of building up as much credit as possible before folding and owing substantial sums. Prime quality goods can easily be sold off at rock bottom prices.

There are two main messages to traders. The first is to make sure that you have adequate credit control policies in place - it is much harder now for a fraudster to set up a bogus company that will survive a few simple checks you can make on Companies House. Take references and follow these up. Do not allow a company to exceed its credit limit no matter how good a customer it seems to be.

The second message is if you do find a customer goes bust owing you money, check to see if there are many others in the same boat and if there is a pattern indicating that you have suffered a fraud. If so, band together with the other disadvantaged creditors and insist that the insolvency practitioner conducts a fraud investigation properly. If not, remove them and appoint your own representative and consider jointly funding a fraud investigation along with all the other victims to recover your assets.

Mark Jenner is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, a Certified Fraud Examiner and has a Masters Degree in Fraud Management. He runs his own business as a forensic accountant specialising in fraud matters.

http://EzineArticles.com/6512417

The Affluent Market: Benefits Of An Affluent Survey

The affluent market is a definable market that can be used to give valuable information to businesses and even governments due to the amount of disposable cash at its command. By carrying out an affluent survey you can gain an insight into what is in the minds of the wealthy: how they intend to spend their money, whether they intend to invest or spend and what they are looking for in the form of tangible luxury goods.

Although affluence can be defined in a number of ways, most in the USA regard affluent households being the top 10% with the highest disposable income - which is currently $250,000. That figure will change as people get richer or less rich and as inflation takes its toll on the worth of money. However, the affluent 10% is responsible for nearly 50% of all consumer spending across the USA.

What you can read into that figure is that it's not all going to be spent on standard consumer goods and that there are going to be quite a few luxury goods included in it. Naturally, what's luxury to one person is an essential commodity to another, but even though that is one reason why the term 'luxury' cannot be defined, it still represents expenditure on luxuries that will interest those businesses responsible for providing them.

The affluent market is therefore a very powerful one, so it goes without saying that an affluent survey is going to offer many businesses some very useful information - but what form should this survey take? A normal consumer survey will offer people multiple choice questions to determine their spending habits, what goods they buy and on what criteria they make their purchasing decision.

This is not so with the affluent market, particularly with their expenditure on luxury goods. You only buy one luxury yacht, jet or mansion once in a decade or so, and the past purchasing decisions of the wealthy may have nothing whatsoever to do with their future decisions. If you intend to survey the affluent market you need a custom affluence survey, designed just for your business or products, and asking questions directly to the wealthy people likely to use your product.

It doesn't matter if that is tangible, such as high-end jewelry, luxury transport or expensive clothing, or non-tangible such as high-ticket luxury vacations or corporate events: a custom affluent survey can provide you with information that could affect your development and marketing for years to come.

By asking rich people:

What they think they will spend their money on over the next few years, If they have any projects in mind, What improvements they would like to see in products they currently use, Do they intend to spend at all next year or just wait? If there is something they wished they could buy but can't because it doesn't exist

You can get an insight into what's in their minds, and how your firm could best meet their projected needs.

Keep in mind that affluent consumers do not go around buying luxuries all day every day: they frequently live frugally, eating at home and buying basically what you and I buy. Only every now and again they make a luxury purchase. However, their major purchases - the yachts, Rolls Royces and jet planes - tend to be planned in advanced, and their purchase arranged so as to cost s little as possible, making use of investment income or tax savings.

If you have this sort of information in advance over a broad range of products, then you can make use of the results of a survey of the affluent market to plan your business strategy to take advantage of these planned expenditures.

Will they tell about them? Maybe, maybe not, but while many wealthy people refuse to take part is such surveys, many do, because they know it is to their advantage. They are more likely to have their needs met if they make these needs known. They didn't get where they are today by being stupid!

One person seeking to purchase one new product two years down the road won't help you much, but if there are several, and particularly if you can spot a trend in the intentions of the affluent market, then you may be able to plan accordingly and make a killing - because you were ready to supply when they were ready to buy!

By commissioning a custom affluent survey, you may be able to get the jump on your competition in this respect, and be in a position to take advantage of the intentions of the affluent market because you were proactive. Retrospective analysis generally fails with affluent consumers, but if you can look ahead...

It is possible to survey the affluent market and get useful information on the future purchasing intentions of the wealthy. More information on carrying out a custom affluent survey is available from AffluenceResearch.org.

http://EzineArticles.com/6507256

History of entrepreneurship

What is entrepreneurship?

Entrepreneurship is the carrying out of a fresh organization or restructuring an organization, which has already been into existence. It is often a complicated enterprise so consequently numerous enterprises find loads of difficulties in survival. This is an entirely different field involving unique personality traits on the part of the entrepreneur, such as good communication skills, patience, foresightedness, and many more traits, which heads his personality to a brighter side. Entrepreneurship has various forms such as sole trading, partnership, etc. The funding of these firms is now easily done by government agencies, science parks, and NGOs. Entrepreneurship firms are now getting enough funds to establish themselves but earlier it was not so. These firms faced a number of difficulties in establishing themselves. Now let us peep into the history of entrepreneurship and the scenario which was prevalent then to understand it better.

History of Entrepreneurship

Hirsch, Peter and Shepherd revealed that first entrepreneur definition took Marco Polo as an example of an upcoming entrepreneur who made the greatest attempt of establishing the trade routes. The strategy he followed was that he made a contract with a good and dependable venture capitalist on a 25% - 75% basis to get his ventures financed.
This was it! From here entrepreneurship got its origin. According to Hisrich, Peter and Shepherd, any person running huge production projects without any kind of threat, but with the aid of economic funds usually, provided by the government was known as an entrepreneur. In other words their work was clerical in nature, as neither did they own the enterprise nor did they finance. The risk factor was attached to the entrepreneurs in the 17th century as the government financed the activities and made it a fixed source of its revenue. The process was like the franchise business, whether the firm goes in profit or loss the fixed percentage of the government was compulsory to pay. In the 17th century itself, it was the well known author and economist Cantillon, who in his theory regarded entrepreneur as a risk taker.
By the 18th century three of them evolved an entirely new theory in which, he made clear cut distinctions amidst entrepreneur and capital provider. He did this distinction due to the outcome of industrialization, which had geared up in the globe. This was the period of Thomas Edison's financial crunch. He wanted to add on to technological advancements but could not do so because of financial constraints. Later he got a way out by generating capital from private sources to finance his experiments in the fields of chemistry and electricity as well. Hisrich, Peter and Shepherd regarded him as an entrepreneur and not as finance provider (venture capitalist). A venture capitalist was supposed to be a person who is the 'Manager' of capital and along with it he also needs to bear the risk factor of business and lately share a high rate of return. As we moved ahead to the late19th and 20th century the entire global scenario changed. There was not much difference in entrepreneurs and managers, both were often regarded as the same. Now in the late 20th century according to Merriam-Webster's online dictionary, "An entrepreneur is one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risk of a business or an enterprise".
In the year 2005 Hisrich, Peter and Shepherd regarded entrepreneur as an organizer who controls, systematize, purchases raw materials, arranges infrastructure, throw in his own inventiveness, expertise, plans and administers the venture.
Now as we know all about the history of entrepreneurship as a whole let us switch over to the origin of the same in the various economies.

1) Nigerian history of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship originated in Nigeria when the production exceeded the consumption levels, which resulted in barter system or double coincidence of wants. This is what made producers realize that if they have surplus, the people will not have to wait for double coincident of wants. Now the exchange of products and services was done freely in the Nigerian market. Lately, total commercialization of the act was done.

2) Evolution of Canadian history of student entrepreneurs: The founder of Canadian association of university student entrepreneurs (C.A.U.S.E.) in 1986 was Ian Aitken, whose main objective was development of student entrepreneurs. (C.A.U.S.E.) was changed to (C.A.S.E) Canadian association of student entrepreneurs in 1987, which also included the college campuses as well. Again the name was changed in 1988 and finally it was the association of collegiate entrepreneurs- Canada (A.C.E.-Canada). Now twenty years from the origin the association is known as "advancing Canadian entrepreneurs Inc."

3) History of entrepreneurship in India: Several entrepreneurial phases in India have passed since independence. A slow pace of development was reflected in the late 1950s and early 1960s, as the entire economy was changing from an agro based economy to an industrialized economy. Soon after that the upcoming entrepreneurs got support from the government as well. A number of SSI sprouted up in late 1960s and 1970s. Here an intensive movement was initialized for further promotion of entrepreneurship. Finally, in 1980 India was able to liberalize imports and began with small and medium scale entrepreneurs. Further, the economic reforms were introduced in 1990. It was a kind of disillusion for the budding Indian entrepreneurs and now in the 2000 the entrepreneurial scenario has undergone a vast change. Now India is taking part in global entrepreneurship as well.

4) Entrepreneurship in Greece: The pillars of ancient Greece history of entrepreneurship are based on few points give by the great historian Peter Connolly. The points are mentioned below:
a) The positive aspect of entrepreneurial activities for autonomy was realized, which would enhance liberty and strength of the city.

b) The only bet before entering into entrepreneurial activities was that the people practicing it shall keep within the ethical, social, as well as the moral margins.

c) Furthermore, to promote such activities a reward on the city level was to be awarded in the presence of various honors.

d) Certain socio-political perks were also announced for such entrepreneurs such as social advancements, liberalization etc.

Conclusion:
In this era of globalization, the pace of growth of entrepreneurship has increased in leaps and bounds and it has sky as its limit. Entrepreneurship has shown drastic changes in almost all economies of the world providing the mankind with new domains of globalization. It has turned the world into a global village and has made the world a better place to live in.

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Forex Brotherhood-Can You Really Dominate The Forex Trading Market?

What Is Forex Brotherhood?

No, this is not some sort of secret underground organization made up of forex traders. Although the name does come across as being a secret society of sorts, doesn't it? What Forex Brotherhood really is, is a brand new forex trading system that allows seasoned forex vets and even complete newbies to dominate the forex market and start making some serious cash. But does it live up to the massive hype which it has created or is it just fluff? Let's find out...

Isn't Forex Brotherhood Basically The Same As All Other Forex Trading Systems?

I'm going to be completely honest with you. The market of forex trading is extremely competitive. Why? Because there is so much potential for huge profits and unlimited income. And as a result of the popularity of forex trading there are tons and tons of forex systems out there. To make things even worse, almost all of them claim to be the best or offer something totally revolutionary.

Guess what though? Forex Brotherhood is entirely unique and the absolute best trading system because it encompasses all of the necessary factors in order to be successful at forex trading. Everything that you could possibly need to dominate this market is included in the Forex Brotherhood. What kinds of features am I talking about? Here are just a few of the incredible tool set that you will receive along with Forex Brotherhood...

- Two Daily Broadcasts (Straight From The Creator Himself!)

- Two Daily Hot Reports

- A Custom Automated Expert Adviser

- 30 Days Worth Of Informative Archives (Learn From Common Mistakes So You Won't Make Them Yourself!)

- Access To A VIP Forum Where You Can Chat 1 on 1 w/ Professionals

- Monthly Premiums And Prize Give Aways

And that is only half of what you can expect from Forex Brotherhood!

So Is Forex Brotherhood Worth It?

When everything is all said and done, Forex Brotherhood is the best option when it comes to dominating the forex trading market. It offers so much more than the competition and for a fraction of the cost. And I am dead serious when I say this. Similar forex products will charge thousands of dollars in order to receive 1 on 1 mentoring as an additional cost. With Forex Brotherhood you will automatically receive this amazing resource and many others like upon your purchase.

I guess in the end it comes down to what you want. Do you want to start earning thousands of dollars every day with forex trading? How about dominating the forex trading market? If you think this is you then just click the link below to save yourself thousands of dollars!

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http://goarticles.com/article/Forex-Brotherhood-Can-You-Really-Dominate-The-Forex-Trading-Market/1111803/

Importance of entrepreneurship

Defining entrepreneurship
Brown and Upton had the opinion that Entrepreneurship can be known as the method of gaining, pulling simultaneously all the resources, and installing them in the quest of apparent chances in the coming future for lengthy gains.

Why entrepreneurship plays a vital role in the economy?
A very core and fundamental role is played by entrepreneurship in any economy and the reasons why it holds such a dominant role in the economy is discussed minutely in the given article. The constructive impact of entrepreneurs on the society is also quiet evident in the given paragraphs. When a 2 year and 10 nation survey was conducted the impact of entrepreneurship stood up evidently saying that the countries have high levels of entrepreneurial activities when compared to countries having lower levels of the same shoed drastic differences in factual data of growth rate. Now let us go in depth of the reasons why entrepreneurship
holds a dominant position in the society? The following reasons are responsible for the same;-

1) Provides employment to huge mass of people; - people often hold a view that all those who do not get employed anywhere jump into entrepreneurship, a real contrast to this is that 76% of establishments of new business in the year 2003 were due to an aspiration to chase openings. This emphasizes the fact that entrepreneurship is not at all an encumbrance to an economy. What's more is that approximately 34 million of fresh employment opportunities were created by entrepreneurs from the period of 1980. This data makes it clear that entrepreneurship heads nation towards better opportunities, which is a significant input to an economy.

2) Contributed towards research and development system; - almost 2/3% of all innovations are due to the entrepreneurs. Without the boom of inventions the world would have been a much dry place to live in. Inventions provide an easier way of getting things done through better and standardized technology.

3) Creates wealth for nation and for individuals as well; - all individuals who search business opportunities usually, create wealth by entering into entrepreneurship. The wealth created by the same play a considerable role in the development of nation. The business as well as the entrepreneur contributes in some or other way to the economy, may be in the form of products or services or boosting the GDP rates or tax contributions. Their ideas, thoughts, and inventions are also a great help to the nation.

4) Sky-scraping heights of apparent prospects; - the individual gets maximum scope for growth and opportunity if he enters into entrepreneurship. He not only earns, the right term would be he learns while he earns. This is a real motivating factor for any entrepreneur as the knowledge and skills he develops while owning his enterprise are his assets for life time which usually, lacks when a person is under employment. The individual goes through a grooming process when he becomes an entrepreneur. In this way it not only benefits him but also the economy as a whole.

5) It is a challenging opportunity for the people: - although entrepreneurship is a challenging task but in most of the cases the rewards it gives are much more than what one anticipates. It does not only reward an entrepreneur at financial levels but also on individual level. It provides self satisfaction to the entrepreneur.

6) Entrepreneurship provides self sufficiency; - the entrepreneur not only become self sufficient but also provide great standards of living to its employees. It provides opportunity to a number of people working in the organization. The basic factors which become a cause of happiness may be liberty, monetary rewards, and the feeling of contentment that one gets after doing the job. Therefore the contribution of entrepreneurs makes the economy an improved place to live in.

Now as we are through with the importance of entrepreneurship let us become a bit more specific and enter into individual country details. The importance of entrepreneurship for some countries is given as under; -
a) What role does entrepreneurship play in America: -
American economy is well known for its flexibility, adaptability, and grasping of opportunity and it is all because of prevalence of entrepreneurial culture in the economy. The above statement can be well supported with the help of factual data given; taking into account the period 2003 to 2007 the generation of employment has reached 7.2 millions which is more than the total jobs being generated in Japan and Europe. For this the economy had to work upon the same for 41 months without any postponement. For these jobs the American workforces are taking back home hefty amounts. Post tax earnings have gone up by 9.6% that is $2,840 from the time when the president has taken oven the charge. The growth of America is in leaps and bounds and that is all because of the insistence and efficiency of American entrepreneurs.
b) Importance of entrepreneurship in European economy: -
The importance of entrepreneurial activities was realized by the European economy in the year 1980. Recently a number of fresh opportunities for entrepreneurial proposals are being dug up in European economy. The entrepreneurs are today seen as the catalyst which speeds up the process of creating wealth for the economy, providing jobs, and providing an assorted range of goods and services to the consumers. Entrepreneurial undertakings are now being introduced to college going students which could give them an idea of creating and managing firms, relevance of entrepreneurship firms to European financial system, uniqueness of monetary ventures, managing human resources, pecuniary transactions, legality in dealings, and learning entrepreneurial skills.

Summation
After reading all the details, facts, and figures regarding the importance of entrepreneurship globally, and in specific nations we can conclude the higher the levels of entrepreneurship is in the nation the higher is its level of development. In the earlier decades the importance of entrepreneurship was more than often under rated and now over a span of time it has become apparent. The crux motive of entrepreneurship is to transform the dreams into a profitable truth. Lastly, one can wind up by saying that entrepreneurship strengthens the economic growth of a nation, as well as give power to society, speeds up modernization and transforms way of thinking of the common man.

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Market research data on Essential oils and absolutes used in fragrance and flavor industry

Market research data on Essential oils and absolutes used in fragrance and flavor industry

By Prashantkumar Kudli Shrinivas and Archana Prashantkumar Kudli

Essential oils and absolutes are important components of the fragrances and flavors industry. There are about 300 commonly used essential oils and absolutes in making fragrances and flavors.
Fragrances and Flavors find wide applications in various consumer, industrial and personal range of products as mentioned below;

Fragrances find applications in the following consumer and industrial products

1] Wash products (Soaps, Hand washes, Shower Gels)

2] Detergents (Bars, Powders, Liquid, Pastes), other fabric care
products (Fresheners, Softeners, Brighteners)

3] Skin Care (Creams, Lotions, Gels, Corrective products)

4] Talc?s (Face powders, Body powders)

5] Hair Care (Shampoos, Conditioners, Hair Oil, Gel, Other hair styling products,)

6] Fine Fragrances and alcoholics (Deodorants, Sprays)

7] Household Cleaners (Dishwashers, Floor, Glass, Multi-purpose & Toilet cleaners)

8] Air Care (Air fresheners, Insecticides, Agarbathis, Dhoops)

9] Industrial Applications (Leather, Paints, Gas)

10] Tobacco products (Pan Masala)

11] Fabrics-Perfumed fabrics

12] Candles

13] Depilatories

14] Aromatherapy oils, Pain balms

15] Potpourri

16] Antiperspiratory products [Paper towels, Napkins]

17] Air monitoring systems [Cinema halls, Tunnels]

Flavors find applications in the following consumer and industrial products

1] Bakery, Confectionery, Dairy and Frozen foods

2] Savory (Chips, Namkeen, Instant savory foods, Other snacking products)

3] Beverages (Liquor, Malted Food Beverages, Fruit Based)

4] Tobacco (Smoking & Chewing)

5] Toothpaste and other dental preparations

6] Pharmaceutical (Syrups,Tablets,Logenzes)

7] Meat, Poultry and Sea food flavors

8] Latex products

9] Toys, Scented writing instruments [Ink pen, Eraser, Paper]

10] Flavored sanitary products

Flavor industry consumes about 60% of the global production of essential oils and absolutes [ EOA] while rest is consumed in fragrance industry.

EOA is growing at 7-8 % per annum during last three years.
Top 110 essential oils and absolutes [listed below] contribute to about 95% [in terms of volume and value] of the global consumption of EOA in F&F industry.

Based on the volumes produced world wide, the essential oils and absolutes can be broadly classified under the following categories; a] above 100 tons, b] between 50-100 tons,and c] between 1-50 tons.

It is estimated that more than 120000 Tons of 300 different essential oils and absolutes are produced,which resulted in more than Indian Rs.16000 crores or 4 billon US dollars business.
But this business is highly dispersed and not concentrated to specific geographical location in terms of production as well as consumption.

Based on various fragrance and flavor formulations, and articles published on EOA trading, we are able to provide a tentative data of global consumption of essential oils used in making fragrances and flavors.

The market data for Attars& Agarbatti is still not clear. The market data for the fragrance and flavour consumption for the regions like Middle East, Africa,some Asian region is also not clear.Hence,the data provided below gives some idea of global consumption of EOA used in making fragrances and flavors.

We have not considered Turpentine/Pine oils as these are used mainly in the manufacture of terpenes like Alpha-pinene,Beta-pinene,Carene,etc which inturn are used in the manufacture of aroma chemicals and terpene resins.Turpentine oils are obtained from Pinaceae species and these Pine oils are mainly produced in USA,Canada,Russia,China, Scandinavia and some parts of Europe. The world wide production of Pine oils is estimated to be 300000 tons.

Other oils from species like Abies alba[European silver fir oil], Abies sibirica[[Siberian fir needle oil], Abies balsamea[ Canadian fir needle oil] are also considered as Pine oils as they are rich in Alpha and Beta-Pinene.

We have considered only those oils which are directly used in fragrance and flavour formulations.

The following list does not include edible oils and non edible oils [ which contain triglycerides, fatty acids] some of which like Calendula oil,Jojoba oil,Mustard oil,Rue oil,Primrose oil are also used in aromatherapy, perfumery and flavor industries.

The list doesn?t include animal secretions like Ambergris,Civet,Castoreum and Musk.

The list doesn?t include resinoids viz.balsams,oleo gum resins, natural oleo resins and resinous products. Few popular ones are Pepper,Ginger,Vanilla,Benzoin,Copaiba balsam,Elemi resinoid,Galbanum resinod,Myrrh resinod, Olibanum resinoid, Opopanax resinod, Tolu balsam resinoid,etc. But the absolutes and essential oils made from these resinoids are considered in the list.

Vanillin extract is not considered in the list as the solvent extract of Vanilla beans is considered as oleoresin.The estimated world production of Vanilla extract is estimated tobe 2000 tons.
The following list gives the general or trade name, tentative idea of the global consumption,botanical names and the major production areas.

Top 110 essential oils and absolutes produced world wide [in tons] is listed as below;

Essential oils and absolutes produced above100 tons per annum for global consumption are as follows;

1] Orange oil- 30000- Citrus sinensis,aurantium-[Brazil,USA,Spain,Israel, Mediterranean countries]

2] Cornmint oil-Mentha arvensis-16000 tons- [India,China,Brazil]

3] Spearmint oil-1500- Mentha spicata, Mentha gracilis-[USA]

4] Peppermint oil-4000-Mentha piperita-[ USA,India,China]

5] Texas Cedarwood oil-2900- Juniperus virginiana-[ China,USA,Mexico,Central America]

6] China cedarwood oil-800- Chamaecyparis funebris

7] Citronella oil- 3000- Cymbopogon winterianus and C. nardus-[Srilanka,China,India,Java,Taiwan,South &Cental America]

8] Lemon oil-5000- Citrus limon ?[ USA,Italy,Argentina,Spain,Brazil]

9] Eucalyptus globulus,citriodora,fruticetorum,dives-5000 tons-[ China,Spain,Portugal,Brazil,Australia,South Africa]

10] Coriander oil-700- Coriandrum sativum-[Russia,Ukraine,Egypt]

11] Litsea cubeba and Lemon grass oils-Litsea cubeba,Cymbopogon citratus,flexuosus-2200-[China,India,West indies,Central America,Africa]

12] Clove oil ? 2200- Syzigium aromaticum-[Indonesia,Madagascar,Tanzania,Malayasia,Srilanka]

13] Sassafras oil Brazil-1500- Ocotea pretiosa-[Brazil]

14] Sasafras oil China-800- Cinnamomum micranthum

15] Patchouli- 900- Pogostemon cablin-[Indonesia,India]

16] Cedarleaf oil- Thuja oil-140-Thuja occidentalis-[USA,Canada]

17] Lime- 1600- Citrus aurantifolia,latifolia-[West India,Mexico,Iran,Brazil,USA]

18] Camphor oil-800- Cinnamomum camphora-[China,Taiwan,Japan]

19] Rosemary- 300- Rosmarinus officinalis-Verbenone type-[Spain,Tunisia,Morocco]

20] Star anise oil-400- Illicium verum ?[ China,Vietnam]

21] Anise seed oil-110- Pimpinella anisum-[Eastern Europe]

22] Mandarin and Tangerine oils-300 ?Citrus reticulate-[Italy,Brazil,Spain,Argentina,USA]

23] Vetiver-260 - Vetiveria zizanoides-[ Indonesia,Haiti,Reunion,India,China]

24] Lavender- 420- Lavandula angustifolia-[France,Bulgaria,Tasmania,China,Moldava]

25] Lavandin oil-1200 - Lavandula intermedia-[France]

26] Spike lavender oil-100 -- Lavandula latifolia-[ Spain]

27] Petitgrain oil [ Leaves of Ctrus trees]-250- Citrus aurantium-[ France,Italy,Spain,North Africa]

28] Geranium oil-600-Pelargonium graveolens,capitatum,roseum-[China,Reunion,Madagascar,Egypt,India]

29] Chinese cinnamon-Cassia oil-180-Cinnamomum aromaticum-[China]

30] Nutmeg oil-180- Myristica fragrans- [ Indonesia,India, West India]

31] Grapefruit oil-250- Citrus paradisi-[ USA,Argentina,Isreal]

32] Dill seed, weed oil -140- Anethum graveolens, Anethum sowa-[India]

33] Fennel oil- 120- Foeniculum vulgare-[China,Egypt,Greece]

34] Bergamotoil-120- Citrus bergamia-[Italy,Brazil,Spain,Ivory coast]

35] Tea tree oil- 250 tons-Melaleuca alternifolia-[Australia,Africa]

36]Ginger oil-Zingiber officinale-120 tons-[India,Malaysia,Taiwan,Australia,Fiji]

Essential oils and absolutes produced in the range 50-100 tons per annum for global consumption are as follows;

37] Clary sage and Sage oil- Salvia sclarea, officinalis, lavandulifolia.-[Russia,USA, Spain,France]-50 Tons

38] Pimento oil-Pimento dioica-[ Jamaica]-50 Tons

39] Thyme oil- Thymus zygis and T. vulgaris -[Spain,France,Morocco,Algeria]-50 Tons

40] Marjoram oil- Origanum majorana,Thymus mastichina.-[Spain,Europe]-50 Tons

41] Basil oil- Ocimum basilicum.-[Reunion,Comores,Madagascar,France,Egypt,India]-50 Tons

42] Juniper berry oil-Juniperus communis-[Croatia,Nepal,Europe,USA]-50 Tons

43] Celery oil- Apium graveolens.-[ France, India, Holland, Hungary, China,U.S.A]-50 Tons

44] Palm rosa oil- Cymbopogon martini-[India,Seychelles,Pakistan,Comoro islands]-60 Tons

45] Rosewood oil- Aniba rosaeodora, other species of Aniba-[ Brazil]-100 Tons

46] Sandalwood oil- santalum album, spicatum [India, Australia,Indonesia]-100 Tons

47] Srilanka cinnamon oil- Cinnamomum zeylanicum-[Srilanka,India,Seychelles,Madagaskar,Comoro islands]

48] Cardamom oil- Elettaria cardamomum-[India,Gautemala]

49] Guaiac wood oil- Bulnesia sarmienti-[Paraguay,Argentina]-60 Tons

50] Gurjun balsam oil- Dipterocarpus species-[ South and East Asia]

51] Labdanum oil and absolute ? Cistus ladanifer-[Spain, Mediterranean countries]-50 Tons

52] Laurel leaf oil-Lauras nobilis-[ Mediterranean countries]

53] Ylang Ylang oil and Canaga oil- Canaga odorata-[Java,Comoro islands,Madagaskar]-100 Tons

54] Chamomile oil ?Roman and Blue- Anthemis nobilis and Chamomilla recutita -[Eastern Europe,Egypt,Italy,France,Morocco]-50 Tons

Essential oils and absolutes produced in the range 1-50 tons per annum for global consumption are as follows;

55] Aromoise oil- Artemisia herba-alba ?[Morocco, Germany, Hungary, India, China,Japan,France]-15 Tons

56] Tagetes oil- Tagetes minuta -[ Zimbabwe,South Africa,India]

57] Tarragon oil- Artemisia dracunculus -[ France,Italy]-10 Tons

58] Galbanum oil- Ferula gummosa-[Iran]- 10 Tons

59] Worm wood oil- Artemisia absinthum-[ Italy]-15 Tons

60] Davana oil- Artemisia pallens Wall.-[India]-3 Tons

61] Caraway oil- Carum carvi -[ Asia, Europe, North Africa,USA]-10 Tons

62] Cumin oil- Cuminum cyminum -[India,Egypt,Iran]-10 Tons

63] Ajwon oil- Trachyspermum copticum -[India]

64] Bay oil- Pimenta racemosa-[West Indies,Dominica,South America]-20 Tons

65] Valerian oil- Valeriana officinalis-[ China,India,Valerian]

66] Tonka bean absolute- Dipteryx odorata- [ Venezuela, South America]

67] Cade oil-Juniperus oxycedrus -[ Portugal,Yogoslavia]- 15 Tons

68] Copaiba balsam oil-Copaifera -[Amazon basin]

69] Cypress oil-Cupressus sempervirens-[France,Algeria]

70] Violet leaf absolute- Viola odorata-[France]

71] Black currant absolute-Ribes nigrum-[Tasmania]

72] Garlic oil and Onion oil- Allium sativum,Allium cepa- [ China,Mexico,Egypt]

73] Mimosa absolute-Acasia dealbata,mearnsii-[France,Morocco]

74] Orris root oil-Iris pallida,germanica-[Italy,Morocco]-5 Tons

75] Hyssop oil- Hyssopus officinalis ?[ Bulgaria,Europe]

76] Perilla oil- Perilla frutescens ?[Japan]

77] Savory oil- Satureja montana and hortensis?[Hungary, France, Yugoslavia,Germany]

78] Catnip oil- Nepeta cataria ?[USA]

79] Mellisa oil- Lemon balm oil- Melissa officinalis ?[Bulgaria]

80] Pennoroyal oil- Hedeoma pulegioides ?[ Europe]-15 Tons

81] Muhuhu oil- Brachylaena hutchinsii-[ Kenya, Uganda]- 5 Tons

82] Yarrow oil- Achillea millefolium ?[Germany, Hungary, France and Yugoslavia]

83] Calamus oil-Acorus calamus-[Europe,Indian]-10 Tons

84] Cajeput oil- Melaleuca Leucadendron-[ Australia, Vietnam]- 50 Tons

85] Neroli oil- Citrus bigaradia-[ Tunisia]-3 Tons

86] Rose oil-Rosa damscena,centifolia-[ Bulgaria,Turkey,Morocco,France]-20 Tons

87] Cassie absolute- Acacia farnesiana ? [ Lebanon, Morocco, Egypt and France]

88] Carrot seed oil- Daucus carota -[ France,Hungary,Nederlands]

89] Parsley seed and herb oils- Petroselinum crispum-[ USA,Germany,France,Holland,Hunagary,Egypt]

90] Angelica root and seed oils- Angelica archangelica-[Europe]-1 Ton

91] Lovage root,seed, herb oils- Levisticum officinale -[ Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary,Yugoslavia]

92] Celery herb oil- Apium graveolens- [India,China,Netherlands,USA,Hungary]

93] Agarwood oil- Aqillaria agallocha,other species - [ India,Vietnam,Japan,Cambodia,Thailand]

94] Boronia oil- Boronia megastigma-[Australia]

95] Jatamanshi oil- Nardostachys Jatamanshi-[India]

96] Buchu oil- Barosma Betulina-[South Africa]

97] Jasmine absolute- Jasminum grandiflorum,sambac-[China,India,Egypt,Morocco]-15 Tons

98] Tube rose absolute- POLYANTHES TUBEROSA-[ India,Egypt,France]
99] Champaka oil- Michelia champaka-[India]-1 Ton

100] Amyris oil- Amyris balsamifera-[Caribbean countries,Mexico]

101] Cypress oil-Cupressus sempervirens-[France,Algeria]

102] Carnation oil- Dianthus caryophyllus-[ France, Italy, Egypt, Kenya]

103] Cubeb oil- Piper Cubeba-[ Srilanka, Sunda islands]

104] Elemi oil - Canarium luzonicum-[Philippines]

105] Nagarmotha oil- Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus Scariosus-[ India,Nepal]

106] Costus root oil- Saussurea lappa-[India,Syria,Persia ]

107] Cistus oil- Cistus ladanifer-[ Greek islands]

108] Cedrela wood oil- Cedrela odorata-[Central and South America]

109] Cabreuva oil- (such as M. fastigiatus)-[ Brazil, Paraguay, Chile,Argentina]-10 Tons

110] Ambrette seed oil- Abelmoschus moschatus-[ India]-1 Ton

The demand for some of essential oils and plant extracts like Sandalwood oil,Guaiacwood oil, Vanilla extract, Davana oil, Chamomile oil,Jasmine oil,Champaka oil, Rose oil,Tuberose oil,etc is much higher, but due their restricted availability, higher costs, legal restrictions, their usage in formulations is limited.

Major essential oil producing countries areas listed below;
Nearly 90% of the global consumption of essential oils and absolutes are produced in following countries.

USA-24%

China-20%

Brazil-8%

Turkey-5%

Indonesia-5%

Morocco-5%

Hungary-5%

Bulgaria-4%

India-4%

France-4%

Italy-3%

Spain-2%

Egypt-2%

Prashantkumar Kudli Shrinivas has a vast industrial experience of Aroma chemicals,Essential oils,Perfumery and Flavour formulations.

Archana Prashantkumar Kudli is a graduate in Statistics and Computer science.She is into market research on Aroma, Pharma and allied chemical sciences.

http://goarticles.com/article/Market-research-data-on-Essential-oils-and-absolutes-used-in-fragrance-and-flavor-industry/1175757/

An Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: Is It For You?

"As much as 80% of adult 'success' comes from EQ," said Daniel Goleman, author of "Emotional Intelligence," and he asserts the difference between a "good" leader and an "excellent" leader is 85-95% attributable to emotional intelligence.

The Center for Creative Leadership has stated that 75% of careers are derailed for reasons related to emotional competencies, including "inability to handle interpersonal problems; unsatisfactory team leadership during times of difficulty or conflict; or inability to adapt to change or elicit trust."

If emotional intelligence is this important to the functioning of an individual, what would happen if you established a workplace culture of emotional intelligence?

A BUSINESS CULTURE... a SOUL

What is the culture of an organization?

In "The Soul of an Organization: Understanding the Values that Drive Successful Corporate Cultures," ( http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0793157803/susandunnmome-20 )Richard S. Gallagher states that a business culture is... "your values and beliefs... generally unspoken... your style... the types of people you hire... what behaviors you reward."

And what is it not? "Your products and services... promoted externally... your policies and procedures... your recruiting process... what behaviors you want."

You'll see within these definitions, intentionality - a high-level emotional intelligence competency.

Intentionality means saying what you mean and meaning what you say, staying focused until a goal is achieved, and being accountable to yourself for your motives.

Daily I talk with clients who've left a company because of its culture. Here are some examples:

*It says in the P&P manual "no nepotism," and then he hired his wife. It was the principal of the thing.

*I couldn't figure out why he turned against me like that. I doubled the annual fund drive. The comptroller said it was because I was too good. I became a threat. So if I'd done my job poorly I'd've gotten a raise?

*All the woman next to me did was complain and gossip, and she got the promotion. Don't they know what's going on?

*One person violated Internet usage so the whole department got punished. Why didn't they just fire her?

*Paul was a hard-worker. He kept his nose to the grindstone and he was well liked. Allen whined that he was overworked. By the end everything went to Paul but Allen got the raise.

*They say they want X, Y and Z, but they reward something totally different.

*They started hiring the kind of people I don't want to be associated with. I began to wonder what I was doing there.

These individuals were all high-functioning, but eventually they couldn't stand the discord of working in a corporate culture than went against their own values or their own stated ones.

Retention of good employees is a major concern of any organization.

"[Businesses] worry about their production schedules, their deadlines, their competition, and their financing," says Gallagher, "but they rarely look inward at themselves." That's why most people, when asked, can't define their workplace culture. But this intangible, once thought of as "soft," "may be perhaps the most important factor in the growth and survival of any business," says Gallagher. "Understand this fact, and you can reach levels of success that are unimaginable for most people."

HOW DO YOU INSTILL A CULTURE?

As children, we learn our culture from our parents and elders. We learn what we observe more than what we're told. If your mother tells you to clean your teeth every day, but you don't see her doing it, you learn to do it only as long as you're being watched. If your father tells you not to lie, and then you hear him talking about cheating on his income tax, you learn that it's circumstantial, or that adults can lie, but children can't, or you learn that your father's a hypocrite, and you lose respect for him and quit listening.

Then when we go to school, we learn that culture. I moved every couple of years growing up. I transferred in the middle of 6th grade. In the new school, as soon as the teacher left the room, everyone cheated. I couldn't believe my eyes. I transferred again for 9th grade. In the new high school, there was "the honor code," and I watched to see what happened. No one cheated! Not on tests, not on homework. The difference? Social pressure, expectations, ingrained habit... whatever it is, it works. In situation A, everyone cheated. In situation B, no one did.

AN EQ CULTURE

How would you instill a culture of emotional intelligence? A culture where creativity, flexibility, intentionality, interpersonal skills, empathy, intuition and respect are valued as well as cognitive intelligence, expertise, and special skills?

It starts with information and education. Courses such as The EQ Foundation Course? ( http://www.susandunn.cc/courses.htm ), available on the Internet, offer every employee a background in emotional intelligence and a common working vocabulary. Assessments, such as the EQ-Map? ( http://www.essisystems.com/associates/clickthru.cgi?id=susandunn ) can assess the competencies of individuals, and individual coaching can address deficits. A weekly ezine, such as "EQ in the Workplace?" can reinforce learning and immersion. Modeling by key leaders is vital. EQ for Professionals?, on the Internet, helps managers, coaches, trainers and other supervising personnel understand concepts and how to foster them in others.

In addition, individuals learning new EQ skills need a chance to practice these competencies in real-life situations. The EQ Foundation Course? is interactive and is well combined with personal EQ coaching which allows ongoing supportive feedback. Weekly teleconferences or meetings can also allow process learning.

INTENTIONALITY

Intentionality takes maturity and effort. Changing a culture isn't easy. It takes dedication, information, practice, and consistency. Actions speak louder and last longer than words. As someone said, re: managers, "you're being watched." The company culture is reflected in:

*Who's hired, retained and promoted,

*What behaviors are rewarded and condoned,

*How meetings are conducted,

*Whether one standard of behavior applies to management and another to support staff,

*Whether the CEO manages himself well, with emotional intelligence, or rules by arbitrary executive fiat,

*If 'best practices' articles are highlighted and circulated but never practiced,

*Whether people are shown to be as valued as production schedules, deadlines, competition and financing.

And all of these things must be shown to be consistent over time.

Take an inward look at your organization. What values and beliefs are reflected? What's your style? What types of people work there? What kinds of behavior are rewarded?

If you like what you see, great. If not, there's a way to change it, and changing it can definitely affect your bottom line. If you look at what companies succeed and what don't, you might agree with Gallagher that the company culture is "the most important factor in the growth and survival of any business."

http://goarticles.com/article/An-Emotionally-Intelligent-Workplace-Is-It-For-You/10002/

Free Government Grants - Research, Analysis & Review

Free government grants have been offered by the government for years, but what is the best way to receive your share of the grant money? Find out below:

The United States government budgets billions of dollars a year in federal money, to be given away in the form of free government grants. These grants are awarded to individuals, educational institutions, corporate entities, as well as small businesses. Government grants have opened doors and provided opportunities for many people to earn a higher education, start a new business, or expand a small business they already own. And the best thing about earning a government grant is that, unlike a loan, it never needs to be paid back.

How is a Government Grant Different then a Loan?

When you apply for a typical loan, either through a financial institution or the government, you automatically are required to pay it back. Not to mention you are also required to go through a complicated application and proposal process. If you're accepted, you're then locked into a set amount of time you have to borrow the money. When you're awarded a government grant, you receive part of the tens of millions given away each month, and in most cases you don't have to repay it.

Applying for a grant is far simpler than completing the full application and underwriting process required for most business loans. In fact, many new businesses that don't qualify for loans, even on their personal credit, are able to obtain a government grant without a great deal of trouble. As luck would have it, over a million entrepreneurs and inventors receive money from the government every year.

Don't you think it's about time you set out to receive your own slice of the pie? Click here to apply for a free government grant kit!

Rodney is a consultant for a government grant firm.

http://goarticles.com/article/Free-Government-Grants-Research-Analysis-Review/1464357/